Public transportation, an irreplaceable part of urban transportation, supports economic activities and life in cities, and is a key factor in achieving most of the SDGs, especially those related to education, food security, health, and the environment (Pojani and Stead, 2015). According to the UN...

Rapid urbanization is accompanied by the increase in shantytown dwellers, inadequate housing, and the excessive burden on urban infrastructure. In 2018, nearly 23.50% of the global urban population lived in shantytowns. COVID-19 in particular has dealt a heavy blow to the public health of more th...

Open public spaces provide valuable services such as entertainment opportunities, aesthetic enjoyment, and environmental and agricultural functions for urban residents.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a primary air pollutant in China that is responsible for negatively impacting the health of local populations. Since 2012, several national environmental protection departments have paid close attention to the spread of PM2.5.

The UN has proposed to “strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage” per SDG 11.4. An indicator has been provided to accomplish this goal, which is described as “the total expenditure per capita (public and private)”